Wedding Rhyming Poem Funny From Maid of Honor
| East | |
|---|---|
| E eastward | |
| (See beneath) | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Type | Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Latin language |
| Phonetic usage |
|
| Unicode codepoint | U+0045, U+0065 |
| Alphabetical position | 5 |
| History | |
| Development |
|
| Time period | c. 700 BC to nowadays |
| Descendants |
|
| Sisters |
|
| Variations | (See below) |
| Other | |
| Other messages commonly used with | ee |
Eastward, or eastward, is the fifth letter of the alphabet and the second vowel letter in the modern English language alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is e (pronounced ); plural ees,[1] Es or E's.[ii] Information technology is the almost commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.[3] [four] [5] [6] [7]
History
| Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ | Proto-Sinaitic | Proto-Canaanite hillul | Phoenician He | Etruscan Eastward | Greek Epsilon | Latin/ Cyrillic E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Latin letter 'East' differs little from its source, the Greek letter of the alphabet epsilon, 'Ε'. This in plough comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to have started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was nigh probable based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a dissimilar pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter represented /h/ (and /eastward/ in strange words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to represent /e/. The diverse forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.
Apply in writing systems
Pronunciation of the name of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages
English
Although Middle English spelling used ⟨e⟩ to stand for long and short /e/, the Great Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (every bit in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while short /ɛ/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter of the alphabet is silent, generally at the end of words like queue.
Other languages
In the orthography of many languages it represents either [eastward], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (as: ⟨e ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to bespeak contrasts. Less commonly, as in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨e⟩ represents a mid-fundamental vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨eastward⟩ are mutual to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨eu⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German.
Other systems
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the shut-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front unrounded vowel.
Most common letter
'E' is the most common (or highest-frequency) letter in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and information pinch. In the story "The Gilded-Bug" by Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random grapheme code past remembering that the about used letter of the alphabet in English is E. This makes information technology a hard and popular letter to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright'southward Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least office of Wright'due south narrative bug were caused by linguistic communication limitations imposed by the lack of Eastward."[eight] Both Georges Perec'south novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered amend works.[nine]
- E with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ[10]
- ⱸ : Due east with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet[11]
- Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
- Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
- The umlaut diacritic ¨ used higher up a vowel letter in German and other languages to point a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript e)
- Phonetic alphabet symbols related to East (the International Phonetic Alphabet but uses lowercase, merely uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems):
- Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid front end unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ᶓ : Epsilon / open eastward with retroflex hook[10]
- Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ɝ : Latin small-scale letter reversed epsilon / open eastward with hook, which represents a rhotacized open-mid cardinal vowel in the IPA
- ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open e with retroflex hook[10]
- ᶟ : Modifier letter modest reversed epsilon / open up e[x]
- ɞ : Latin pocket-sized letter of the alphabet closed reversed open up e, which represents an open-mid primal rounded vowel in IPA (shown equally ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
- Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid central vowel in the IPA
- Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter of the alphabet turned east, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
- ɘ : Latin letter reversed e, which represents a shut-mid key unrounded vowel in the IPA
- The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open due east:[12]
- U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER SMALL Capital letter East
- U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Small-scale Letter TURNED OPEN E
- U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet CAPITAL E
- U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER Letter Upper-case letter REVERSED Eastward
- U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER LETTER Minor Eastward
- U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER Letter Modest Open E
- U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet Pocket-sized TURNED OPEN E
- U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN Alphabetic character SMALL Upper-case letter TURNED East [13]
- e : Subscript minor e is used in Indo-European studies[14]
- Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to East:[15]
- U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN SMALL Letter of the alphabet BLACKLETTER E
- U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN Pocket-size Letter of the alphabet BARRED Due east
- U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN Pocket-size Letter of the alphabet E WITH FLOURISH
Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets
- 𐤄 : Semitic alphabetic character He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the post-obit symbols originally derive
- Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
- Є є : Ukrainian Ye
- Э э : Cyrillic letter E
- Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter Ei
- 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the antecedent of modern Latin Due east
- ᛖ : Runic alphabetic character Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic Eastward
- 𐌴 : Gothic letter of the alphabet eyz
- Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the post-obit symbols originally derive
Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations
- € : Euro sign.
- ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for auction within the European union).
- e : the symbol for the uncomplicated charge (the electric charge carried past a single proton)
- ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "at that place exists ... such that".
- ∈ : the symbol for set membership in set theory.
- 𝑒 : the base of the natural logarithm.
Lawmaking points
| Preview | E | e | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode proper noun | LATIN Capital letter E | LATIN Modest Letter of the alphabet E | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 69 | U+0045 | 101 | U+0065 |
| UTF-8 | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
| Numeric character reference | E | E | e | e |
| EBCDIC family | 197 | C5 | 133 | 85 |
| ASCII 1 | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
- 1 Besides for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other representations
In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'east' is signed past extending the index finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left hand, with all fingers of left hand open up.
Use as a number
In the hexadecimal (base 16) numbering system, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base 10) counting.
References
- ^ "E" a letter Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered E'due south, Eastwards, east's, or esouth.
- ^ "Eastward". Oxford Dictionary of English language (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123.
noun (plural Es or E's)
- ^ Kelk, Brian. "Alphabetic character frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
- ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Key College. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in Spanish". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Word Play. New York: St. Martin'due south Printing (1996): iii
- ^ Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel "was so well written that at least some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter constraint."
- ^ a b c d Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Boosted Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode half-dozen Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-ten-eleven. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
External links
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E
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